September 30, 2024
(press release)
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. 1 Research Group on Environmental Catalysis and Renewable Energies (CAMER), Faculty of Sciences and Education, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín PC 050022, Colombia 2 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato del Instituto Politécnico Nacional—UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Col. Fraccionamiento Industrial Puerto, 36275 Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico 3 Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), 680001 Bucaramanga, Santander PC 680002, Colombia 4 Agro-Food Research and Development Laboratory (LIDA), UNAD Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia-José Celestino Mutis Campus, Bogotá PC 111511, Colombia 5 Chemistry Program, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Quindío, Carrera 15 calle 12n, Armenia, Quindío PC 630001, Colombia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Polymers 2024, 16(19), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192785 (registering DOI) Abstract This study investigates the effectiveness of various chemical methods, both ultrasound-assisted and non-assisted, for extracting cellulose from banana pseudostem (BPS) waste, comparing the results with commercial pine and eucalyptus cellulose fibers. Delignification treatments with NaOH (25% and 30%) and H2O2 (8%) were evaluated, applied with both conventional and focused sonication. Ultrasound-assisted methods, particularly with NaOH, achieved cellulose percentages as high as 99.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that NaOH treatments significantly increased the cellulose crystallinity index, reaching up to 67.9%, surpassing commercial fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that NaOH treatments, especially at 30%, improved fiber morphology and exposure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that methods using NaOH and focused sonication enhanced the thermal stability of the cellulose. Compared to commercial fibers, some samples obtained with the proposed methods demonstrated higher purity, yield, and thermal stability, highlighting the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted and NaOH methods. Keywords: banana pseudostem waste; chemical treatment; conventional ultrasound treatment; focused ultrasound treatment; cellulose
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