United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reports 151,000 nonfarm jobs added in February 2025; unemployment rate holds steady at 4.1% as federal government employment declines

The U.S. job market continued to grow at a solid pace in February, with the unemployment rate edging up slightly to 4.1%. The labor market remains healthy overall, but there are signs of potential weakness in the coming months, driven by mass federal government layoffs and ongoing policy uncertainty.

This month’s jobs report may not fully reflect the impact of these layoffs in both the federal government and private sector, as the reference period for the monthly jobs report only covers the pay period that includes the 12^th of the month. In fact, government job losses totaled only 10,000 workers for the February report.

In February, wage growth accelerated. Year-over-year, wages grew at a 4.0% rate, down 0.1 percentage points from a year ago. Wage growth has been outpacing inflation for nearly two years, which typically occurs as productivity increases.

National Employment

According to the Employment Situation SummaryTransmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-25-0296 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 7, 2025 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2025 Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in February, and the unemployment rate changed little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment trended up in health care, financial activities, transportation and warehousing, and social assistance. Federal government employment declined. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, February 2023 – February 2025 seasonally adjusted, February 2023 – February 2025 Percent Thousands 5.5 500 5.0 400 4.5 300 4.0 200 3.5 100 3.0 0 2.5 -100 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23 Feb-24 May-24 Aug-24 Nov-24 Feb-25 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23 Feb-24 May-24 Aug-24 Nov-24 Feb-25 This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Household Survey Data Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million, changed little in February. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.0 percent to 4.2 percent since May 2024. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites (3.8 percent) increased in February. The jobless rates for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (12.9 percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.5 million, changed little in February. The long-term unemployed accounted for 20.9 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.) The employment-population ratio decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 59.9 percent in February but showed little change from a year earlier. The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, changed little over the month and over the year. (See table A-1.) The number of people employed part time for economic reasons increased by 460,000 to 4.9 million in February. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 414,000 to 5.9 million in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.7 million, changed little in February. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 128,000 to 464,000 in February. (See Summary table A.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in February, similar to the average monthly gain of 168,000 over the prior 12 months. In February, employment trended up in health care, financial activities, transportation and warehousing, and social assistance. Federal government employment declined. (See table B-1.) Health care added 52,000 jobs in February, in line with the average monthly gain of 54,000 over the prior 12 months. In February, job growth continued in ambulatory health care services (+26,000), hospitals (+15,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+12,000). Employment in financial activities rose by 21,000 in February, above the prior 12-month average gain (+5,000). Over the month, employment continued to trend up in real estate and rental and leasing (+10,000) and insurance carriers and related activities (+5,000). Commercial banking lost 5,000 jobs. Transportation and warehousing employment continued to trend up in February (+18,000), in line with the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+13,000). Over the month, job growth occurred in couriers and messengers (+24,000) and air transportation (+4,000). -2- Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in February (+11,000), below the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+21,000). Over the month, employment continued to trend up in individual and family services (+10,000). Within government, federal government employment declined by 10,000 in February. Employment in retail trade changed little over the month (-6,000) and has shown little net change over the year. In February, employment in food and beverage retailers declined by 15,000, largely due to strike activity. Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers added 10,000 jobs. Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; information; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services. In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $35.93. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.0 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.89. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) In February, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.1 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained at 40.1 hours, and overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 16,000, from +307,000 to +323,000, and the change for January was revised down by 18,000, from +143,000 to +125,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 2,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 4, 2025, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). -3- HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Change from: Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Category Jan. 2025- 2024 2024 2025 2025 Feb. 2025 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,711 269,638 272,685 272,847 162 Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,475 168,547 170,744 170,359 -385 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.5 62.6 62.4 -0.2 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,013 161,661 163,895 163,307 -588 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.0 60.1 59.9 -0.2 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,462 6,886 6,849 7,052 203 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,237 101,091 101,941 102,487 546 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1 Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.1 Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.1 Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 12.4 11.8 12.9 1.1 White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8 0.3 Black or African American.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.0 -0.2 Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.2 -0.5 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.2 0.4 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 0.1 Less than a high school diploma.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 5.6 5.2 6.0 0.8 High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 -0.3 Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 0.0 Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 0.2 Reason for unemployment Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214 3,251 3,235 3,316 81 Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 947 912 918 6 Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,964 2,031 2,124 2,208 84 New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 655 659 662 3 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 2,156 2,290 2,337 47 5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,942 1,997 1,935 2,152 217 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 1,207 1,161 1,031 -130 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 1,551 1,443 1,455 12 Employed people at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,370 4,358 4,477 4,937 460 Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,854 2,867 2,893 3,292 399 Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 1,195 1,195 1,253 58 Part time for noneconomic reasons.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,324 22,514 22,299 22,435 136 People not in the labor force Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,554 1,562 1,590 1,704 114 Discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 480 592 464 -128 NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Category 2024 2024 2025p 2025p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 323 125 151 Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 287 81 140 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 -7 34 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -1 -4 5 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 15 2 19 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 -10 -5 10 Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 -15 -6 11 Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.3 -3.4 -10.4 8.9 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 5 1 -1 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 283 88 106 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.9 13.0 -4.2 8.8 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 34.4 29.5 -6.3 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 34.4 18.7 17.8 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 -0.8 1.1 1.3 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 17 3 5 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 12 14 21 Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 36 -39 -2 Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15.4 1.7 -10.3 -12.3 Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 83 66 73 Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.9 75.5 63.9 63.1 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 47 -14 -16 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 13 4 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 36 44 11 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 209 236 200 Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 177 204 169 WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.8 49.9 49.9 Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.3 Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 81.5 81.5 81.5 HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.2 34.1 34.1 Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34.54 $35.68 $35.83 $35.93 Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,184.72 $1,220.26 $1,221.80 $1,225.21 Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 116.2 116.0 116.1 Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.6 198.3 198.6 199.4 Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 60.8 52.4 58.4 Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 47.2 45.8 54.9 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; labor force as a percent of the population, and establishment survey). The household survey provides the employment-population ratio is the employed as a information on the labor force, employment, and percent of the population. Additional information unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked about the household survey can be found at HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Establishment survey. The sample establishments are The establishment survey provides information on drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each those who worked or received pay for any part of the month from the payroll records of a sample of reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and are produced for the private sector for all employees and for government agencies, representing approximately 631,000 production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. employees in private service-providing industries. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a Industries are classified on the basis of an particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the establishment's principal activity in accordance with the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the System. Additional information about the establishment reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on surveys. Among these are: responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample • The household survey includes agricultural household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in workers, self-employed workers whose businesses the labor force. are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and People are classified as employed if they did any work private household workers among the employed. at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked These groups are excluded from the establishment in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or survey. worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were • The household survey includes people on unpaid temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad leave among the employed. The establishment weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal survey does not. reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years the following criteria: they had no employment during the of age and older. The establishment survey is not reference week; they were available for work at that time; limited by age. and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the • The household survey has no duplication of reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting individuals, because individuals are counted only recall need not be looking for work to be counted as once, even if they hold more than one job. In the unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the establishment survey, employees working at more household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for than one job and thus appearing on more than one or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. payroll are counted separately for each appearance. The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor Statistics based on the household and establishment force and the levels of employment and unemployment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may When a sample, rather than the entire population, is result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such differ from the true population values they represent. The seasonal variation can be very large. component of this difference that occurs because samples Because these seasonal events follow a more or less differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more developments, such as declines in employment or increases than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to For example, the confidence interval for the monthly obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000. Suppose the activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from survey, payroll employment in education declines by about one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the monthly change would range from -86,000 to +186,000 the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that employment changes at the end and beginning of the school there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the- year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make month change lies within this interval. Since this range underlying employment patterns more discernable. The includes values of less than zero, we could not say with seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment activity. rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent Many seasonally adjusted series are independently confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an as total payroll employment, employment in most major unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment by aggregating independently adjusted component series. as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this about +/- 0.2 percentage point. differs from the unemployment estimate that would be In general, estimates involving many individuals or obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and small number of observations. The precision of estimates duration are derived from the sum of the independently also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such seasonally adjusted component series and will not as for quarterly and annual averages. necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally The household and establishment surveys are also adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. population, inability to obtain information for all respondents For both the household and establishment surveys, a in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using by respondents, and errors made in the collection or all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current processing of the data. month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated that the estimate is considered final. seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Another major source of nonsampling error in the The sample-based estimates from the establishment establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for universe counts of payroll employment obtained from this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an administrative records of the unemployment insurance estimation procedure with two components is used to program. The difference between the March sample-based account for business births. The first component excludes employment estimates and the March universe counts is employment losses from business deaths from sample-based known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes from business births. This is incorporated into the sample- in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent. procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. Other information The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived relay services. from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1 Employment status, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,711 272,685 272,847 267,711 269,289 269,463 269,638 272,685 272,847 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,285 169,814 170,116 167,475 168,428 168,304 168,547 170,744 170,359 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.3 62.3 62.6 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.4 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,315 162,347 162,544 161,013 161,456 161,183 161,661 163,895 163,307 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 59.5 59.6 60.1 60.0 59.8 60.0 60.1 59.9 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,970 7,467 7,572 6,462 6,972 7,121 6,886 6,849 7,052 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,426 102,871 102,731 100,237 100,861 101,159 101,091 101,941 102,487 People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,546 5,658 5,809 5,675 5,652 5,483 5,505 5,479 5,893 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,520 133,010 133,089 130,520 131,287 131,371 131,455 133,010 133,089 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,299 89,844 89,792 88,446 89,378 89,151 89,295 90,393 89,987 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 67.5 67.5 67.8 68.1 67.9 67.9 68.0 67.6 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,391 85,611 85,519 85,048 85,592 85,318 85,620 86,733 86,226 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 64.4 64.3 65.2 65.2 64.9 65.1 65.2 64.8 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,908 4,233 4,273 3,398 3,785 3,833 3,675 3,660 3,761 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.7 4.8 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,221 43,166 43,297 42,074 41,909 42,220 42,160 42,617 43,102 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,611 123,918 123,996 121,611 122,316 122,398 122,480 123,918 123,996 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,313 86,808 86,634 85,223 86,191 85,982 85,945 87,067 86,594 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 70.1 69.9 70.1 70.5 70.2 70.2 70.3 69.8 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,802 82,954 82,838 82,224 82,851 82,633 82,739 83,803 83,311 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 66.9 66.8 67.6 67.7 67.5 67.6 67.6 67.2 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,511 3,854 3,796 2,999 3,339 3,348 3,206 3,264 3,283 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,299 37,110 37,362 36,388 36,125 36,417 36,535 36,851 37,402 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,191 139,674 139,758 137,191 138,002 138,092 138,183 139,674 139,758 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,986 79,969 80,323 79,028 79,050 79,153 79,252 80,351 80,372 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.3 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.5 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,924 76,736 77,025 75,965 75,864 75,865 76,041 77,162 77,081 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 54.9 55.1 55.4 55.0 54.9 55.0 55.2 55.2 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,062 3,234 3,298 3,063 3,187 3,288 3,211 3,189 3,291 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,205 59,705 59,435 58,163 58,952 58,939 58,931 59,324 59,385 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,581 130,908 130,991 128,581 129,340 129,428 129,518 130,908 130,991 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,995 77,020 77,276 75,826 75,916 75,920 75,994 77,203 77,115 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 58.8 59.0 59.0 58.7 58.7 58.7 59.0 58.9 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,299 74,136 74,320 73,171 73,152 72,988 73,135 74,380 74,205 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 56.6 56.7 56.9 56.6 56.4 56.5 56.8 56.6 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696 2,884 2,956 2,655 2,764 2,932 2,859 2,822 2,910 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,586 53,888 53,715 52,755 53,423 53,509 53,524 53,706 53,876 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,519 17,859 17,860 17,519 17,633 17,636 17,640 17,859 17,860 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,978 5,986 6,205 6,426 6,321 6,403 6,607 6,474 6,650 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 33.5 34.7 36.7 35.8 36.3 37.5 36.3 37.2 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,214 5,257 5,386 5,618 5,453 5,562 5,786 5,712 5,792 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 29.4 30.2 32.1 30.9 31.5 32.8 32.0 32.4 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 728 820 808 868 841 821 763 858 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 12.2 13.2 12.6 13.7 13.1 12.4 11.8 12.9 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,541 11,873 11,655 11,093 11,312 11,233 11,033 11,385 11,210 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1 Employment status, race, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204,677 207,088 207,147 204,677 205,444 205,521 205,598 207,088 207,147 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,960 128,282 128,371 127,092 127,746 127,710 127,827 128,988 128,548 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 61.9 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.1 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,180 123,231 123,128 122,716 122,901 122,856 123,213 124,431 123,726 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 59.5 59.4 60.0 59.8 59.8 59.9 60.1 59.7 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,779 5,051 5,243 4,376 4,845 4,854 4,614 4,557 4,822 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.8 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,717 78,806 78,776 77,585 77,699 77,811 77,770 78,100 78,599 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,748 66,565 66,344 65,732 66,431 66,289 66,244 66,794 66,365 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.6 69.4 69.6 70.1 69.9 69.8 69.9 69.4 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,315 64,034 63,619 63,687 64,078 63,965 64,087 64,721 64,049 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 67.0 66.5 67.5 67.6 67.5 67.6 67.7 67.0 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,433 2,530 2,725 2,045 2,353 2,324 2,156 2,073 2,316 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,629 56,973 57,233 56,454 56,425 56,462 56,502 57,063 57,060 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 57.7 58.0 57.9 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.8 57.8 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,791 55,040 55,254 54,648 54,578 54,545 54,607 55,195 55,117 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 55.8 56.0 56.0 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.9 55.8 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,838 1,933 1,979 1,806 1,847 1,916 1,895 1,868 1,943 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,583 4,745 4,795 4,906 4,890 4,959 5,082 5,131 5,123 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 37.0 37.4 38.7 38.4 39.0 40.0 40.0 39.9 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,075 4,157 4,255 4,381 4,245 4,346 4,519 4,516 4,560 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 32.4 33.2 34.5 33.4 34.2 35.5 35.2 35.6 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 588 540 525 645 613 563 616 562 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 12.4 11.3 10.7 13.2 12.4 11.1 12.0 11.0 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,849 35,621 35,653 34,849 35,128 35,161 35,194 35,621 35,653 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,084 22,131 22,256 22,184 22,086 21,952 21,971 22,260 22,340 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 62.1 62.4 63.7 62.9 62.4 62.4 62.5 62.7 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,810 20,704 20,890 20,936 20,821 20,556 20,640 20,874 21,002 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 58.1 58.6 60.1 59.3 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.9 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 1,427 1,366 1,248 1,266 1,396 1,331 1,386 1,339 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.4 6.1 5.6 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.0 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,765 13,489 13,398 12,665 13,042 13,208 13,223 13,361 13,313 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,300 10,400 10,313 10,337 10,330 10,267 10,207 10,451 10,347 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 68.7 68.0 69.8 69.2 68.7 68.2 69.0 68.3 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,615 9,625 9,695 9,702 9,745 9,655 9,631 9,728 9,773 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 63.6 64.0 65.5 65.3 64.6 64.4 64.2 64.5 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 775 618 635 585 612 576 723 574 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.5 6.0 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.6 6.9 5.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,048 11,108 11,172 11,054 10,993 10,953 10,986 11,133 11,174 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 62.4 62.7 63.4 62.6 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.7 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,563 10,510 10,572 10,564 10,444 10,301 10,388 10,534 10,566 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 59.0 59.3 60.6 59.5 58.6 59.0 59.2 59.3 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 598 600 491 549 651 598 598 607 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.4 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 623 770 793 764 733 778 677 820 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 23.3 28.8 30.6 29.0 27.8 29.5 25.3 30.6 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 569 623 671 632 600 621 612 662 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 21.3 23.3 25.9 24.0 22.8 23.5 22.9 24.8 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 54 147 122 132 133 157 64 157 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 8.7 19.1 15.4 17.3 18.1 20.2 9.5 19.2 See footnotes at end of table. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1 Employment status, race, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,784 19,111 19,097 17,784 18,107 18,213 18,174 19,111 19,097 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,479 12,283 12,483 11,510 11,835 11,759 11,680 12,359 12,512 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 64.3 65.4 64.7 65.4 64.6 64.3 64.7 65.5 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,084 11,815 12,086 11,116 11,370 11,318 11,267 11,906 12,113 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 61.8 63.3 62.5 62.8 62.1 62.0 62.3 63.4 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 467 398 393 466 441 413 453 399 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,305 6,828 6,614 6,274 6,272 6,454 6,494 6,752 6,585 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1 Employment status, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,467 50,869 50,977 48,467 49,286 49,385 49,483 50,869 50,977 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,513 33,983 34,031 32,530 33,003 33,039 33,415 33,997 34,083 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 66.8 66.8 67.1 67.0 66.9 67.5 66.8 66.9 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,732 32,099 32,109 30,876 31,315 31,297 31,702 32,373 32,301 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 63.1 63.0 63.7 63.5 63.4 64.1 63.6 63.4 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,781 1,884 1,921 1,654 1,688 1,743 1,713 1,623 1,782 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.2 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,953 16,886 16,947 15,937 16,283 16,345 16,068 16,873 16,895 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,434 18,258 18,128 17,452 17,756 17,716 17,885 18,249 18,150 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 79.2 78.5 79.7 79.7 79.4 79.9 79.2 78.6 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,601 17,305 17,176 16,722 17,049 16,941 17,162 17,518 17,314 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 75.1 74.4 76.3 76.5 75.9 76.7 76.0 75.0 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 954 952 729 706 775 723 731 836 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.2 5.3 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,575 14,233 14,353 13,533 13,759 13,879 13,985 14,204 14,347 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.7 62.1 61.5 61.5 61.9 62.2 61.6 62.1 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,862 13,546 13,592 12,854 13,046 13,154 13,241 13,564 13,621 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.7 58.8 58.4 58.3 58.6 58.9 58.8 58.9 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 687 761 679 713 724 744 640 726 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.5 5.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,504 1,492 1,550 1,545 1,487 1,445 1,545 1,544 1,586 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 31.4 32.6 33.9 32.2 31.2 33.3 32.5 33.3 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269 1,249 1,342 1,300 1,220 1,201 1,298 1,291 1,366 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 26.3 28.2 28.6 26.4 26.0 28.0 27.2 28.7 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 243 209 245 268 244 247 252 220 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 16.3 13.5 15.9 18.0 16.9 16.0 16.3 13.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,887 9,350 8,746 9,200 9,060 9,074 9,219 9,346 9,060 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 47.4 46.6 48.4 48.4 47.2 47.6 47.4 48.3 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,204 8,706 8,087 8,632 8,465 8,530 8,700 8,858 8,519 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 44.1 43.1 45.4 45.2 44.3 44.9 44.9 45.4 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 644 659 568 595 544 519 487 541 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.9 7.5 6.2 6.6 6.0 5.6 5.2 6.0 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,541 36,526 36,329 36,449 35,876 36,038 35,931 36,582 36,215 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 57.0 56.4 57.0 56.7 56.9 56.9 57.1 56.2 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,866 34,687 34,634 34,932 34,436 34,380 34,376 34,954 34,676 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 54.1 53.7 54.6 54.5 54.3 54.5 54.5 53.8 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,675 1,839 1,695 1,516 1,440 1,658 1,555 1,628 1,539 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.0 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.2 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,297 36,123 36,592 36,262 35,710 35,658 35,652 36,049 36,423 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 62.9 63.6 63.4 62.2 62.5 62.7 62.8 63.3 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,049 34,777 35,218 35,108 34,496 34,370 34,409 34,774 35,155 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 60.5 61.2 61.3 60.1 60.2 60.5 60.5 61.1 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248 1,345 1,374 1,154 1,213 1,288 1,242 1,275 1,268 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,479 66,215 66,785 64,012 65,938 65,763 65,687 66,334 66,292 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.7 72.3 72.4 72.2 72.5 72.5 72.1 72.4 71.8 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,013 64,673 65,111 62,578 64,283 64,149 64,079 64,831 64,655 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 70.6 70.6 70.6 70.7 70.7 70.3 70.7 70.1 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466 1,543 1,675 1,434 1,655 1,614 1,609 1,504 1,637 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 1 Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Men Women Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,680 17,375 15,635 15,302 2,045 2,073 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,615 8,412 7,419 7,151 1,196 1,261 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.4 47.5 46.7 58.5 60.8 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,369 8,069 7,199 6,865 1,170 1,204 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 46.4 46.0 44.9 57.2 58.1 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 343 220 286 26 57 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 4.1 3.0 4.0 2.2 4.5 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,065 8,963 8,216 8,151 849 812 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,266 5,594 4,309 4,599 957 995 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,195 4,448 3,484 3,681 711 767 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 79.5 80.9 80.0 74.3 77.1 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,090 4,256 3,395 3,530 695 726 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 76.1 78.8 76.8 72.7 73.0 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 192 89 151 16 42 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.3 2.6 4.1 2.2 5.4 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,071 1,146 825 918 246 228 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,820 3,231 2,389 2,733 431 498 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,022 2,146 1,737 1,829 286 317 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 66.4 72.7 66.9 66.3 63.7 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,967 2,048 1,681 1,736 286 313 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 63.4 70.4 63.5 66.3 62.8 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 98 55 94 0 5 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 4.6 3.2 5.1 0.0 1.4 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 1,085 652 904 145 181 Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,756 4,988 5,513 4,799 243 189 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 589 672 570 23 19 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 11.8 12.2 11.9 9.6 10.2 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 569 637 550 23 19 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.4 11.6 11.5 9.6 10.2 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 20 35 20 0 0 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.5 5.2 3.6 – – Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,061 4,399 4,841 4,229 220 170 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,838 3,562 3,424 3,171 414 391 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,703 1,229 1,527 1,071 176 157 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 34.5 44.6 33.8 42.5 40.2 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,651 1,197 1,486 1,050 165 147 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 33.6 43.4 33.1 39.9 37.5 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 32 41 22 11 10 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.0 6.0 6.6 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,135 2,333 1,897 2,100 238 234 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,832 245,953 110,303 112,950 130,529 133,003 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,583 159,573 79,939 81,581 76,644 77,992 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 64.9 72.5 72.2 58.7 58.6 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,113 152,685 76,364 77,793 73,749 74,892 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.1 69.2 68.9 56.5 56.3 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,470 6,888 3,574 3,788 2,896 3,100 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6 3.8 4.0 Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,249 86,380 30,364 31,369 53,884 55,011 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] People with a disability People with no disability Employment status, sex, and age Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,864 34,266 233,847 238,581 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,270 8,311 159,015 161,805 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 24.3 68.0 67.8 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,636 7,601 152,679 154,943 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 22.2 65.3 64.9 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 710 6,336 6,861 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 8.5 4.0 4.2 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,594 25,955 74,832 76,776 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,349 3,341 78,756 80,206 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.2 41.1 82.6 82.6 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068 3,009 75,356 76,486 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 37.1 79.1 78.8 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 332 3,401 3,720 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 9.9 4.3 4.6 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,981 4,781 16,550 16,910 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,407 3,535 70,334 71,477 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 40.5 72.9 73.0 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 3,242 67,693 68,666 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 37.1 70.2 70.2 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 293 2,642 2,811 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 8.3 3.8 3.9 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,127 5,200 26,153 26,398 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,514 1,435 9,924 10,122 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.2 23.6 23.2 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,442 1,349 9,630 9,791 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.7 22.9 22.5 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 86 294 331 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.0 3.0 3.3 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,486 15,974 32,128 33,469 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Men Women Employment status and nativity Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,810 50,057 24,041 24,631 24,769 25,426 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,521 33,241 18,499 18,936 14,022 14,305 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 66.4 77.0 76.9 56.6 56.3 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,002 31,687 17,704 18,073 13,299 13,614 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 63.3 73.6 73.4 53.7 53.5 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519 1,555 796 863 723 691 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.6 5.2 4.8 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,289 16,816 5,541 5,696 10,747 11,120 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,901 222,790 106,479 108,458 112,422 114,332 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,764 136,874 69,800 70,857 64,964 66,018 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 61.4 65.6 65.3 57.8 57.7 Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,313 130,857 66,688 67,446 62,625 63,411 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 58.7 62.6 62.2 55.7 55.5 Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,451 6,017 3,112 3,410 2,339 2,607 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.8 3.6 3.9 Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,137 85,915 36,679 37,601 47,458 48,314 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111 2,202 2,152 2,212 2,246 2,202 2,258 2,319 2,259 Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454 1,486 1,396 1,536 1,569 1,489 1,521 1,573 1,489 Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 621 693 735 646 668 701 723 723 753 Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 24 22 – – – – – – Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,205 160,145 160,391 158,681 159,341 159,070 159,469 161,357 160,930 Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,897 151,281 151,531 149,360 150,120 149,881 150,253 152,363 152,034 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,517 22,102 21,957 21,171 22,113 22,188 22,109 21,764 21,653 Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,380 129,179 129,575 128,169 127,994 127,709 128,209 130,742 130,414 Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 650 565 – – – – – – Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,634 128,529 129,009 127,388 127,444 127,155 127,713 130,025 129,816 Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 9,261 8,831 8,821 9,371 9,171 9,122 9,241 9,103 8,946 Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 33 39 – – – – – – PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,592 4,935 5,166 4,370 4,565 4,469 4,358 4,477 4,937 Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,098 3,340 3,545 2,854 3,032 3,125 2,867 2,893 3,292 Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139 1,206 1,307 1,112 1,179 1,084 1,195 1,195 1,253 Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,043 22,325 23,148 22,324 22,351 22,380 22,514 22,299 22,435 Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,479 4,854 5,086 4,300 4,426 4,387 4,299 4,416 4,899 Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,013 3,293 3,489 2,808 2,957 3,072 2,833 2,857 3,273 Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,130 1,206 1,306 1,105 1,163 1,077 1,196 1,193 1,253 Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,677 21,961 22,739 21,964 21,961 22,029 22,150 21,935 22,039 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. 2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,315 162,347 162,544 161,013 161,456 161,183 161,661 163,895 163,307 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,214 5,257 5,386 5,618 5,453 5,562 5,786 5,712 5,792 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,833 1,797 1,790 2,040 1,994 1,930 2,019 1,989 1,994 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,381 3,460 3,596 3,585 3,438 3,630 3,762 3,719 3,801 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,101 157,090 157,158 155,395 156,003 155,621 155,875 158,183 157,516 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,969 14,247 14,109 14,180 14,208 14,142 14,277 14,606 14,332 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,131 142,843 143,049 141,294 141,757 141,409 141,547 143,606 143,219 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,564 105,014 105,244 103,699 103,792 103,615 103,766 105,538 105,386 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,631 36,131 36,240 35,665 35,516 35,463 35,563 36,406 36,283 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,077 36,710 36,765 36,092 36,295 36,274 36,306 36,841 36,779 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,856 32,173 32,239 31,942 31,981 31,878 31,897 32,291 32,323 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,567 37,829 37,805 37,595 37,965 37,794 37,781 38,068 37,833 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,391 85,611 85,519 85,048 85,592 85,318 85,620 86,733 86,226 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,589 2,657 2,681 2,824 2,741 2,685 2,881 2,930 2,915 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 857 861 944 977 886 980 973 980 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761 1,800 1,819 1,888 1,754 1,797 1,899 1,954 1,946 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,802 82,954 82,838 82,224 82,851 82,633 82,739 83,803 83,311 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,951 7,162 7,056 7,107 7,188 7,172 7,329 7,381 7,218 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,851 75,792 75,782 75,209 75,632 75,425 75,401 76,517 76,172 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,836 55,603 55,666 55,101 55,197 55,113 55,091 56,140 55,955 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,868 18,997 19,106 18,944 18,882 18,838 18,806 19,228 19,188 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,162 19,648 19,655 19,235 19,425 19,418 19,423 19,820 19,740 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,806 16,957 16,905 16,922 16,890 16,856 16,862 17,092 17,026 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,016 20,189 20,116 20,108 20,435 20,312 20,310 20,377 20,217 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,924 76,736 77,025 75,965 75,864 75,865 76,041 77,162 77,081 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,625 2,600 2,705 2,794 2,712 2,877 2,906 2,782 2,877 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 940 929 1,096 1,017 1,043 1,038 1,016 1,013 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620 1,660 1,777 1,697 1,684 1,832 1,863 1,765 1,855 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,299 74,136 74,320 73,171 73,152 72,988 73,135 74,380 74,205 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,019 7,085 7,053 7,073 7,020 6,970 6,948 7,225 7,114 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,280 67,051 67,267 66,085 66,125 65,985 66,146 67,089 67,047 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,728 49,412 49,578 48,598 48,595 48,502 48,675 49,398 49,431 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,763 17,134 17,134 16,721 16,634 16,625 16,757 17,177 17,095 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,916 17,062 17,110 16,857 16,869 16,856 16,883 17,022 17,039 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,050 15,215 15,334 15,020 15,092 15,022 15,036 15,199 15,297 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,552 17,640 17,689 17,487 17,530 17,482 17,471 17,691 17,616 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,452 45,930 45,715 45,452 46,082 45,828 45,974 46,093 45,752 Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,035 37,112 37,527 36,850 37,192 36,993 37,011 37,109 37,318 Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,955 10,100 10,245 – – – – – – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,815 134,234 133,372 133,021 133,471 133,423 133,510 135,896 134,676 Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,501 28,113 29,172 27,922 27,922 27,671 27,918 27,901 28,511 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,411 8,643 9,036 8,264 8,308 8,577 8,478 8,764 8,860 Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,565 6,821 6,911 – – – – – – Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,883 9,524 9,556 10,016 9,839 9,823 9,964 9,827 9,700 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed people Unemployment rates Characteristic (in thousands) Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,462 6,849 7,052 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 763 858 12.6 13.7 13.1 12.4 11.8 12.9 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 308 380 12.5 11.7 14.1 13.5 13.4 16.0 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 454 474 12.3 14.6 12.5 11.8 10.9 11.1 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,654 6,087 6,194 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 1,259 1,294 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.9 8.3 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,654 4,877 4,974 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,543 3,671 3,827 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,606 1,669 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.4 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085 1,190 1,243 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.3 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 875 914 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 1,185 1,117 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398 3,660 3,761 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 396 477 12.4 14.0 15.3 14.0 11.9 14.1 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 134 212 11.6 12.1 18.4 13.9 12.1 17.8 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 263 271 12.7 15.2 13.8 13.9 11.9 12.2 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,999 3,264 3,283 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 746 781 7.9 9.1 9.0 8.2 9.2 9.8 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 2,572 2,565 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,897 1,944 1,986 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 863 850 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.2 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 600 628 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.1 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 481 507 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.9 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 628 579 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,063 3,189 3,291 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 366 381 12.7 13.5 11.0 10.8 11.6 11.7 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 175 168 13.3 11.4 10.0 13.0 14.7 14.2 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 191 203 11.8 13.9 11.2 9.6 9.8 9.9 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655 2,822 2,910 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 514 513 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177 2,304 2,409 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646 1,727 1,841 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.6 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 743 819 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.6 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 590 615 2.8 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.5 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 394 407 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 558 551 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 944 997 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 886 953 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.5 Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 582 617 5.5 5.0 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.7 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,372 5,677 5,790 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,142 1,227 1,311 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,691 3,885 3,794 3,214 3,363 3,394 3,251 3,235 3,316 On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123 1,318 1,113 824 820 787 862 835 817 Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,568 2,567 2,680 2,390 2,543 2,607 2,389 2,400 2,499 Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812 1,759 1,831 1,730 1,822 1,871 1,707 1,708 1,748 People who completed temporary jobs. . . . . 756 808 849 660 721 736 682 693 751 Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 910 918 712 802 854 947 912 918 Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991 2,123 2,255 1,964 2,151 2,182 2,031 2,124 2,208 New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 549 605 631 608 690 655 659 662 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 52.0 50.1 49.3 48.6 47.7 47.2 46.7 46.7 On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 17.6 14.7 12.6 11.8 11.1 12.5 12.0 11.5 Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 34.4 35.4 36.6 36.7 36.6 34.7 34.6 35.2 Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 12.2 12.1 10.9 11.6 12.0 13.8 13.2 12.9 Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 28.4 29.8 30.1 31.1 30.6 29.5 30.7 31.1 New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.4 8.0 9.7 8.8 9.7 9.5 9.5 9.3 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198 2,716 2,216 2,339 2,109 2,208 2,156 2,290 2,337 5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370 2,101 2,652 1,942 2,082 2,063 1,997 1,935 2,152 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,402 2,650 2,703 2,183 2,839 2,890 2,758 2,604 2,486 15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113 1,166 1,172 970 1,231 1,236 1,207 1,161 1,031 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288 1,484 1,531 1,213 1,608 1,654 1,551 1,443 1,455 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 20.6 21.0 20.9 22.9 23.6 23.7 22.0 21.3 Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 9.1 9.9 9.3 10.1 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.0 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 36.4 29.3 36.2 30.0 30.8 31.2 33.5 33.5 5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 28.1 35.0 30.0 29.6 28.8 28.9 28.3 30.9 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 35.5 35.7 33.8 40.4 40.4 39.9 38.1 35.6 15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 15.6 15.5 15.0 17.5 17.3 17.5 17.0 14.8 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 19.9 20.2 18.8 22.9 23.1 22.4 21.1 20.9 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,315 162,544 6,970 7,572 4.2 4.5 Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 70,217 71,477 1,580 1,720 2.2 2.4 Management, business, and financial operations occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,861 30,672 731 720 2.4 2.3 Professional and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,355 40,805 849 1,000 2.1 2.4 Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,843 26,316 1,395 1,757 5.1 6.3 Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,884 30,631 1,368 1,276 4.4 4.0 Sales and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,364 14,138 704 635 4.7 4.3 Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,520 16,493 664 641 4.1 3.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,287 13,883 940 1,038 6.2 7.0 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 904 119 130 10.8 12.6 Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,400 7,978 665 720 7.3 8.3 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 4,905 5,000 156 187 3.1 3.6 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,085 20,236 1,101 1,160 5.2 5.4 Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,188 8,299 382 348 4.5 4.0 Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,896 11,937 718 812 5.7 6.4 1 People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment people rates Industry and class of worker (in thousands) Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,970 7,572 4.2 4.5 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,522 5,978 4.2 4.4 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 23 4.2 3.9 Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 741 7.0 7.2 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 456 3.0 2.9 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 316 2.8 3.1 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 141 3.4 2.6 Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 967 4.7 4.8 Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 349 5.2 4.1 Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 148 4.3 5.4 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 211 2.4 2.0 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 1,038 5.1 5.3 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 785 2.2 2.8 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 983 5.9 7.4 Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 277 3.9 4.2 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 117 9.0 8.0 Government workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 440 1.7 2.0 Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 359 431 3.5 4.3 1 People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.3 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.2 8.4 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 8.0 NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Men Women Category Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,426 102,731 42,221 43,297 58,205 59,435 People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,546 5,809 2,621 2,697 2,925 3,112 Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,559 1,733 792 911 767 822 Discouraged workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 463 245 329 180 134 Other people marginally attached to the labor force3. . . . . 1,135 1,270 548 582 587 687 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,411 9,036 3,986 4,283 4,425 4,753 Percent of total employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.6 4.7 5.0 5.8 6.2 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,830 5,371 2,513 2,690 2,317 2,681 Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210 2,138 766 785 1,444 1,353 Primary and secondary jobs both full time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 404 238 244 148 160 Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934 1,058 438 537 495 522 1 Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. from: 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan.2025 - Feb.2025p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,007 159,923 157,092 157,983 157,271 158,942 159,067 159,218 151 Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,520 136,080 133,595 134,132 134,047 135,382 135,463 135,603 140 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,255 21,628 21,248 21,322 21,622 21,673 21,666 21,700 34 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 623 619 619 633 624 620 625 5 Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 39.3 39.1 39.6 42.1 39.0 39.0 39.2 0.2 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 580.8 583.4 579.4 579.7 591.1 585.0 581.4 586.1 4.7 Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.0 123.2 123.4 121.2 121.9 123.0 122.9 122.0 -0.9 Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.6 189.7 187.0 187.4 191.7 191.3 191.8 192.5 0.7 Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 41.8 41.4 40.8 42.3 41.8 41.3 40.9 -0.4 Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 44.9 45.0 45.1 44.8 45.1 45.2 45.4 0.2 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.8 103.0 100.6 101.5 104.6 104.4 105.3 106.3 1.0 Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.2 270.5 269.0 271.1 277.5 270.7 266.7 271.6 4.9 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,832 8,219 7,955 7,992 8,136 8,289 8,291 8,310 19 Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,792.4 1,865.8 1,830.8 1,828.3 1,833.0 1,868.4 1,870.6 1,872.4 1.8 Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 909.5 953.5 934.7 933.4 930.1 953.2 955.0 955.1 0.1 Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 882.9 912.3 896.1 894.9 902.9 915.2 915.6 917.3 1.7 Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,060.4 1,137.1 1,073.6 1,086.8 1,147.4 1,172.7 1,173.7 1,176.2 2.5 Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,978.8 5,216.1 5,050.4 5,076.5 5,155.9 5,247.9 5,246.7 5,261.3 14.6 Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,309.7 2,388.5 2,305.9 2,327.5 2,388.8 2,406.7 2,401.7 2,414.3 12.6 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,669.1 2,827.6 2,744.5 2,749.0 2,767.1 2,841.2 2,845.0 2,847.0 2.0 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,800 12,786 12,674 12,711 12,853 12,760 12,755 12,765 10 Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,979 7,934 7,861 7,889 8,004 7,910 7,904 7,915 11 Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.0 414.1 412.3 415.5 417.5 414.3 415.7 416.9 1.2 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.0 427.9 420.0 421.2 419.5 425.7 429.9 431.9 2.0 Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.0 372.8 371.2 372.5 372.9 371.9 372.6 373.7 1.1 Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,451.1 1,434.6 1,433.3 1,435.3 1,453.0 1,433.8 1,435.8 1,436.8 1.0 Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,122.0 1,114.5 1,113.1 1,118.0 1,124.2 1,113.8 1,115.6 1,119.2 3.6 Computer and electronic product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.0 1,016.2 1,005.7 1,005.1 1,035.5 1,014.5 1,009.8 1,007.1 -2.7 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 111.9 109.4 110.3 110.8 111.0 109.9 110.6 0.7 Communications equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 81.9 81.1 80.8 84.4 81.6 81.2 81.0 -0.2 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.1 382.8 378.9 376.5 394.9 382.9 379.7 377.2 -2.5 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.2 410.1 408.0 409.6 415.9 409.8 410.0 409.9 -0.1 Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.3 29.5 28.3 27.9 29.6 29.3 29.0 28.4 -0.6 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.1 407.4 407.7 407.5 419.9 407.0 407.9 407.3 -0.6 Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . . 1,789.9 1,792.3 1,753.5 1,766.4 1,791.1 1,777.6 1,766.2 1,772.0 5.8 Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,015.9 1,019.7 988.3 1,002.4 1,018.1 1,007.5 997.1 1,006.0 8.9 Furniture and related product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.2 338.9 335.6 336.4 348.2 337.9 337.2 336.9 -0.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.5 615.7 608.9 611.2 622.4 613.5 613.1 613.1 0.0 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,821 4,852 4,813 4,822 4,849 4,850 4,851 4,850 -1 Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,752.5 1,777.9 1,754.7 1,759.2 1,758.9 1,769.6 1,768.1 1,768.8 0.7 Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 86.1 85.9 84.9 87.4 86.1 85.7 85.2 -0.5 Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.7 99.8 99.2 99.5 98.9 99.7 99.1 99.3 0.2 Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 83.5 83.2 83.1 86.5 83.3 84.7 83.5 -1.2 Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.4 355.8 355.4 356.9 355.8 354.4 355.2 357.1 1.9 Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 358.2 355.5 352.2 351.7 360.6 353.8 354.5 353.9 -0.6 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 105.2 105.9 106.2 110.9 108.4 109.4 108.7 -0.7 Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.4 902.0 898.3 899.7 893.5 901.7 900.6 900.2 -0.4 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.9 720.3 716.2 716.4 730.1 719.3 717.9 716.9 -1.0 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. from: 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan.2025 - Feb.2025p Nondurable goods - Continued Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.1 366.3 362.0 364.8 366.0 373.9 375.6 376.1 0.5 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,265 114,452 112,347 112,810 112,425 113,709 113,797 113,903 106 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,605 29,799 29,012 28,877 28,856 29,033 29,078 29,099 21 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,086.3 6,202.4 6,142.8 6,149.2 6,121.7 6,178.7 6,174.5 6,183.3 8.8 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,407.7 3,472.1 3,441.3 3,454.6 3,420.0 3,459.6 3,455.0 3,465.9 10.9 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,189.2 2,233.6 2,210.0 2,206.1 2,210.0 2,225.5 2,225.8 2,225.4 -0.4 Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 489.4 496.7 491.5 488.5 491.7 493.6 493.7 492.0 -1.7 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,367.3 15,954.0 15,517.4 15,396.4 15,530.2 15,537.5 15,567.0 15,560.7 -6.3 Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035.9 2,049.4 2,036.6 2,045.0 2,051.6 2,051.3 2,055.7 2,061.2 5.5 Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275.8 1,297.0 1,286.4 1,291.5 1,279.1 1,294.0 1,293.5 1,295.3 1.8 Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 157.9 157.2 158.6 173.4 164.5 166.5 166.5 0.0 Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.1 594.5 593.0 594.9 599.1 592.8 595.7 599.5 3.8 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363.0 1,363.8 1,341.1 1,343.2 1,399.6 1,387.0 1,386.6 1,385.3 -1.3 Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,216.7 3,276.0 3,233.3 3,221.0 3,219.3 3,234.5 3,233.1 3,218.1 -15.0 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.5 841.2 801.7 792.7 813.2 801.8 798.1 793.8 -4.3 Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 413.9 426.0 413.6 408.7 414.0 407.3 410.5 409.1 -1.4 Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 398.6 415.2 388.1 384.0 399.3 394.5 387.7 384.7 -3.0 General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,201.4 3,455.5 3,298.6 3,262.7 3,240.9 3,272.6 3,302.7 3,313.0 10.3 Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981.7 1,124.0 1,025.1 1,000.0 1,003.6 1,020.9 1,023.5 1,023.7 0.2 Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,219.7 2,331.5 2,273.5 2,262.7 2,237.4 2,251.7 2,279.2 2,289.3 10.1 Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,094.8 1,122.1 1,100.6 1,089.6 1,093.0 1,089.9 1,090.9 1,088.5 -2.4 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,039.8 1,057.2 1,046.5 1,048.0 1,051.9 1,057.6 1,055.7 1,061.3 5.6 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118.4 1,235.7 1,154.8 1,100.6 1,148.7 1,133.8 1,127.4 1,124.6 -2.8 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,484.8 1,553.1 1,504.2 1,493.6 1,512.0 1,509.0 1,516.8 1,514.9 -1.9 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,565.0 7,048.5 6,758.7 6,738.2 6,614.1 6,723.2 6,741.9 6,759.7 17.8 Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.6 568.4 566.7 571.6 563.5 569.3 571.1 574.6 3.5 Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.3 154.6 153.6 153.6 157.6 154.9 154.6 154.0 -0.6 Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 67.7 66.5 67.9 68.2 69.9 70.1 70.4 0.3 Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,504.1 1,521.9 1,499.8 1,493.9 1,530.5 1,516.8 1,517.0 1,515.1 -1.9 Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.7 500.9 498.6 498.6 461.4 485.0 489.8 485.7 -4.1 Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 56.2 59.2 58.8 54.5 56.4 58.7 58.4 -0.3 Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.6 26.1 23.5 23.6 31.8 30.2 30.0 30.0 0.0 Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 825.9 855.1 841.5 842.4 827.8 843.9 841.9 842.4 0.5 Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057.8 1,407.3 1,211.3 1,196.5 1,079.8 1,152.8 1,168.2 1,191.7 23.5 Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839.6 1,890.3 1,838.0 1,831.3 1,839.0 1,844.0 1,840.5 1,837.4 -3.1 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.7 594.3 592.6 593.2 589.8 593.1 594.2 595.5 1.3 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 2,964 2,912 2,931 2,963 2,944 2,947 2,952 5 Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.9 415.8 381.0 401.2 404.8 406.9 408.8 413.5 4.7 Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.8 924.7 914.4 911.4 915.2 917.5 918.4 918.8 0.4 Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 346.8 332.2 331.0 333.5 345.3 331.0 332.5 331.5 -1.0 Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.1 622.0 613.1 613.2 629.0 620.8 613.3 614.3 1.0 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.5 485.5 487.3 489.2 484.3 484.4 489.5 490.2 0.7 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.3 183.7 185.3 182.8 184.4 183.7 184.8 183.8 -1.0 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,096 9,235 9,171 9,190 9,155 9,206 9,220 9,241 21 Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,670.4 6,743.9 6,721.0 6,729.7 6,690.1 6,724.6 6,733.4 6,743.8 10.4 Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 21.2 21.4 21.3 20.6 21.2 21.4 21.4 0.0 Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,575.7 2,558.7 2,552.5 2,553.9 2,576.3 2,556.3 2,553.6 2,554.9 1.3 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. from: 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan.2025 - Feb.2025p Credit intermediation and related - Continued Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,789.1 1,779.7 1,777.4 1,774.6 1,787.0 1,778.6 1,776.6 1,773.7 -2.9 Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384.5 1,369.6 1,368.2 1,363.8 1,382.1 1,369.2 1,366.7 1,362.0 -4.7 Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 506.5 507.9 504.9 505.9 509.5 505.9 505.4 506.8 1.4 Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 280.1 271.1 270.2 273.4 279.8 271.8 271.7 274.5 2.8 Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,100.0 1,135.5 1,120.8 1,123.7 1,109.9 1,127.9 1,126.9 1,130.9 4.0 Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,974.2 3,028.5 3,026.3 3,030.8 2,983.3 3,019.2 3,031.5 3,036.6 5.1 Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,425.8 2,490.9 2,449.7 2,459.8 2,464.8 2,481.0 2,487.0 2,496.9 9.9 Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839.5 1,886.9 1,854.8 1,862.1 1,859.5 1,872.4 1,877.1 1,884.0 6.9 Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.1 580.7 572.1 574.8 582.8 585.5 586.7 589.7 3.0 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 23.3 22.8 22.9 22.5 23.1 23.2 23.2 0.0 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,392 22,707 22,195 22,312 22,661 22,614 22,575 22,573 -2 Professional, scientific, and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,812.5 10,912.2 10,812.3 10,849.3 10,802.5 10,864.8 10,856.1 10,846.8 -9.3 Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192.9 1,203.7 1,188.8 1,184.9 1,197.0 1,192.0 1,192.8 1,189.5 -3.3 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,224.1 1,133.8 1,162.3 1,207.8 1,152.8 1,141.0 1,140.7 1,140.1 -0.6 Architectural, engineering, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,668.3 1,727.3 1,715.0 1,715.1 1,691.9 1,728.7 1,734.3 1,737.5 3.2 Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.9 153.3 148.8 147.1 152.4 150.9 150.1 148.9 -1.2 Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,440.4 2,453.8 2,441.8 2,428.3 2,443.5 2,446.1 2,445.9 2,436.1 -9.8 Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846.2 1,908.9 1,859.8 1,866.8 1,857.3 1,885.2 1,871.1 1,875.8 4.7 Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.0 939.8 930.0 933.5 933.1 940.8 940.8 941.2 0.4 Advertising, public relations, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.1 500.5 493.2 492.9 497.2 496.7 495.7 494.1 -1.6 Other professional, scientific, and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.6 891.1 872.6 872.9 877.2 883.4 884.7 883.6 -1.1 Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,612.1 2,631.3 2,610.3 2,606.3 2,618.8 2,621.7 2,616.4 2,615.2 -1.2 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services. . . . . 8,967.7 9,163.9 8,772.6 8,856.6 9,239.8 9,127.8 9,102.7 9,110.8 8.1 Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,469.2 8,646.0 8,258.5 8,345.1 8,735.4 8,609.1 8,582.5 8,591.3 8.8 Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.6 626.9 619.5 621.3 619.9 626.2 623.0 624.4 1.4 Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.1 184.7 184.5 187.4 176.5 186.2 187.3 188.8 1.5 Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,343.1 3,380.1 3,146.1 3,184.4 3,402.4 3,268.8 3,259.0 3,248.5 -10.5 Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,634.3 2,643.0 2,442.4 2,487.2 2,684.8 2,551.8 2,541.5 2,529.2 -12.3 Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.7 686.4 665.3 660.4 707.6 669.7 665.4 661.2 -4.2 Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.2 190.3 191.6 191.7 190.8 191.1 194.1 194.6 0.5 Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 1,017.2 1,034.5 1,015.6 1,026.7 1,023.5 1,030.4 1,024.4 1,029.9 5.5 Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,093.5 2,218.8 2,119.7 2,150.8 2,278.1 2,310.8 2,302.1 2,314.6 12.5 Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.8 324.3 316.2 322.4 336.7 325.9 327.1 329.3 2.2 Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.5 517.9 514.1 511.5 504.4 518.7 520.2 519.5 -0.7 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 26,248 27,093 26,854 27,172 26,127 26,931 26,997 27,070 73 Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,086.1 4,055.8 3,911.1 4,128.2 3,937.2 3,992.1 3,994.1 4,003.7 9.6 Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,161.5 23,037.6 22,943.0 23,043.3 22,189.5 22,939.1 23,003.0 23,066.1 63.1 Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,371.9 18,034.7 17,949.5 18,018.3 17,401.9 17,949.6 17,991.7 18,043.7 52.0 Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,643.3 8,990.3 8,925.0 8,970.5 8,656.0 8,933.9 8,953.5 8,979.1 25.6 Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,941.7 3,041.8 3,013.2 3,028.3 2,946.4 3,014.8 3,020.3 3,031.1 10.8 Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036.0 1,053.2 1,052.8 1,051.8 1,040.3 1,047.8 1,054.7 1,055.1 0.4 Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,209.8 1,272.0 1,254.4 1,268.4 1,208.2 1,262.8 1,262.4 1,268.3 5.9 Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,101.9 1,123.2 1,114.2 1,119.0 1,100.5 1,117.9 1,115.3 1,119.2 3.9 Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 312.0 306.0 306.8 308.5 311.6 305.5 306.0 306.4 0.4 Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687.2 1,835.6 1,825.9 1,837.2 1,693.9 1,826.4 1,837.7 1,841.8 4.1 Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.7 358.5 357.7 357.3 355.1 358.6 357.0 357.1 0.1 Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,468.4 5,654.9 5,651.9 5,662.6 5,477.7 5,640.7 5,652.6 5,667.5 14.9 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. from: 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan.2025 - Feb.2025p Health care - Continued Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,260.2 3,389.5 3,372.6 3,385.2 3,268.2 3,375.0 3,385.6 3,397.1 11.5 Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,468.6 1,522.5 1,514.6 1,521.1 1,472.7 1,515.4 1,520.0 1,527.4 7.4 Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657.9 689.3 683.4 686.0 660.0 686.7 686.7 687.7 1.0 Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.4 1,007.6 1,004.8 1,006.6 975.3 1,003.4 1,008.6 1,010.8 2.2 Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 160.3 170.1 169.8 171.5 160.3 169.5 170.3 171.3 1.0 Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,789.6 5,002.9 4,993.5 5,025.0 4,787.6 4,989.5 5,011.3 5,022.4 11.1 Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,182.1 3,374.8 3,375.6 3,397.2 3,185.3 3,370.7 3,390.2 3,400.2 10.0 Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services. . . . 229.2 238.2 238.8 239.9 228.6 235.5 239.6 240.1 0.5 Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 282.2 286.1 281.2 285.1 284.9 286.5 285.3 286.3 1.0 Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,096.1 1,103.8 1,097.9 1,102.8 1,088.9 1,096.8 1,096.3 1,095.8 -0.5 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,116 16,672 16,263 16,363 16,735 16,979 16,965 16,949 -16 Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,359.7 2,510.9 2,434.6 2,466.5 2,589.4 2,665.5 2,680.8 2,688.6 7.8 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.5 599.3 558.7 585.8 580.6 616.2 616.2 626.9 10.7 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.4 177.7 168.9 172.3 177.9 182.4 183.2 185.0 1.8 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663.8 1,733.9 1,707.0 1,708.4 1,830.9 1,866.9 1,881.4 1,876.7 -4.7 Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,755.8 14,161.1 13,828.5 13,896.5 14,145.8 14,313.5 14,284.5 14,260.7 -23.8 Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836.9 1,889.5 1,850.7 1,862.5 1,919.9 1,948.5 1,949.0 1,952.7 3.7 Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,918.9 12,271.6 11,977.8 12,034.0 12,225.9 12,365.0 12,335.5 12,308.0 -27.5 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,869 5,982 5,940 5,965 5,928 6,002 6,015 6,019 4 Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450.8 1,465.5 1,461.3 1,467.7 1,463.6 1,470.9 1,478.0 1,475.4 -2.6 Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555.2 1,611.1 1,596.1 1,601.2 1,572.6 1,610.9 1,615.3 1,618.1 2.8 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,863.0 2,905.6 2,882.7 2,896.2 2,892.1 2,920.6 2,921.4 2,925.2 3.8 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,487 23,843 23,497 23,851 23,224 23,560 23,604 23,615 11 Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,975 3,020 3,002 2,991 2,985 3,012 3,017 3,007 -10 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,367.7 2,414.2 2,399.1 2,391.1 2,378.1 2,412.6 2,412.2 2,405.5 -6.7 U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.5 606.0 602.9 600.3 606.4 598.9 604.7 601.2 -3.5 State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,537 5,608 5,460 5,661 5,404 5,512 5,531 5,532 1 State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,745.4 2,735.8 2,589.8 2,783.5 2,599.3 2,629.7 2,645.0 2,639.7 -5.3 State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,791.8 2,872.5 2,870.4 2,877.8 2,804.9 2,882.1 2,886.1 2,891.8 5.7 Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,975 15,215 15,035 15,199 14,835 15,036 15,056 15,076 20 Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,360.4 8,448.8 8,308.5 8,458.3 8,097.4 8,185.8 8,195.7 8,206.0 10.3 Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,615.0 6,766.1 6,726.2 6,741.1 6,737.6 6,850.0 6,860.5 6,870.3 9.8 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Industry 2024 2024 2025p 2025p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.2 34.1 34.1 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 39.7 39.7 39.7 Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 44.3 44.0 43.8 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.6 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 40.1 40.1 40.1 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.6 40.5 40.6 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.4 39.4 39.5 Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 33.2 33.1 33.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.0 33.8 33.9 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.1 39.2 39.2 Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 29.9 29.5 29.6 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 38.2 38.1 38.1 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 42.2 42.2 42.1 Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 36.9 36.9 37.0 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 37.7 37.5 37.6 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 36.3 36.2 36.2 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 32.9 32.8 32.8 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 25.5 25.3 25.4 Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 32.0 32.0 31.9 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34.54 $35.68 $35.83 $35.93 $1,184.72 $1,220.26 $1,221.80 $1,225.21 Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.13 36.36 36.49 36.60 1,394.66 1,443.49 1,448.65 1,453.02 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.48 39.95 40.21 40.25 1,776.60 1,769.79 1,769.24 1,762.95 Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.53 38.94 39.05 39.12 1,459.92 1,510.87 1,515.14 1,510.03 Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.42 34.54 34.69 34.83 1,336.80 1,385.05 1,391.07 1,396.68 Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.29 36.57 36.76 36.86 1,429.25 1,484.74 1,488.78 1,496.52 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.23 31.11 31.21 31.43 1,185.02 1,225.73 1,229.67 1,241.49 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.40 35.52 35.67 35.78 1,145.52 1,179.26 1,180.68 1,184.32 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.76 30.34 30.47 30.55 1,008.86 1,031.56 1,029.89 1,035.65 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.33 37.91 37.97 38.19 1,459.60 1,482.28 1,488.42 1,497.05 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.37 24.86 24.97 25.03 723.79 743.31 736.62 740.89 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.38 30.99 31.10 31.14 1,154.44 1,183.82 1,184.91 1,186.43 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.71 52.20 52.28 52.22 2,134.89 2,202.84 2,206.22 2,198.46 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.22 51.04 51.47 51.47 1,801.45 1,883.38 1,899.24 1,904.39 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.96 46.37 46.59 46.84 1,686.00 1,748.15 1,747.13 1,761.18 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.48 43.33 43.45 43.60 1,509.87 1,572.88 1,572.89 1,578.32 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 33.81 35.01 35.14 35.19 1,122.49 1,151.83 1,152.59 1,154.23 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.75 22.40 22.48 22.55 556.80 571.20 568.74 572.77 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.25 32.37 32.59 32.71 1,009.38 1,035.84 1,042.88 1,043.45 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Percent Percent change change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. from: from: Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Jan. 2025 - 2025 - Feb. Feb. 2025p 2025p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 116.2 116.0 116.1 0.1 190.6 198.3 198.6 199.4 0.4 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.8 98.1 98.0 98.2 0.2 155.3 161.2 161.7 162.4 0.4 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 86.9 85.7 86.0 0.4 141.9 139.3 138.4 139.0 0.4 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.1 110.9 110.9 110.6 -0.3 177.9 187.6 188.2 187.9 -0.2 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 92.1 92.1 92.1 0.0 143.8 148.0 148.5 149.3 0.5 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 90.4 90.2 90.5 0.3 143.1 146.9 147.2 148.2 0.7 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 95.4 95.4 95.6 0.2 145.5 150.6 151.1 152.5 0.9 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.5 121.5 121.3 121.4 0.1 201.5 209.8 210.2 211.1 0.4 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 106.9 107.9 107.4 107.8 0.4 171.5 176.5 176.5 177.6 0.6 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6 106.6 106.8 106.9 0.1 164.9 169.0 169.6 170.8 0.7 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.9 94.6 93.5 93.7 0.2 151.3 155.4 154.3 155.2 0.6 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 144.4 147.6 147.6 148.0 0.3 223.2 232.7 233.5 234.4 0.4 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5 108.3 108.5 108.5 0.0 180.0 186.8 187.4 187.2 -0.1 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.8 0.5 173.6 180.3 182.0 182.8 0.4 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 113.7 113.3 113.8 0.4 197.2 205.6 205.8 207.9 1.0 Professional and business services. . . . . 129.0 128.4 127.8 127.8 0.0 216.7 225.3 224.9 225.7 0.4 Private education and health services.. . 141.7 144.7 144.6 145.0 0.3 230.4 243.7 244.5 245.5 0.4 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 123.5 122.5 122.8 0.2 214.5 223.3 222.1 223.5 0.6 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.4 110.7 111.0 110.7 -0.3 189.1 196.5 198.2 198.5 0.2 1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Total nonfarm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,496 79,230 79,312 79,377 49.9 49.8 49.9 49.9 Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,939 65,465 65,514 65,564 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.3 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,977 4,950 4,953 4,956 23.0 22.8 22.9 22.8 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 85 86 86 13.4 13.6 13.9 13.8 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160 1,182 1,183 1,188 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,732 3,683 3,684 3,682 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.8 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983 1,933 1,931 1,929 24.8 24.4 24.4 24.4 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,749 1,750 1,753 1,753 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,962 60,515 60,561 60,608 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.2 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,232 11,253 11,266 11,263 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.7 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860.4 1,885.2 1,887.0 1,883.7 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.5 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,460.5 7,444.8 7,450.0 7,443.6 48.0 47.9 47.9 47.8 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754.5 1,768.7 1,774.5 1,780.5 26.5 26.3 26.3 26.3 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.3 154.3 154.7 155.4 26.5 26.0 26.0 26.1 Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,194 1,169 1,171 1,171 40.3 39.7 39.7 39.7 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,099 5,089 5,091 5,100 55.7 55.3 55.2 55.2 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,412 10,293 10,267 10,245 45.9 45.5 45.5 45.4 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . 20,066 20,637 20,688 20,753 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.7 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,775 8,844 8,841 8,837 52.4 52.1 52.1 52.1 Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,184 3,230 3,237 3,239 53.7 53.8 53.8 53.8 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,557 13,765 13,798 13,813 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.5 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Industry 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,111 110,284 110,376 110,537 Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,419 15,379 15,372 15,391 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 468 470 469 Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,942 6,011 6,002 6,022 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,982 8,900 8,900 8,900 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,473 5,370 5,366 5,374 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,509 3,530 3,534 3,526 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,692 94,905 95,004 95,146 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,360 24,613 24,647 24,663 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,835.1 4,887.9 4,885.5 4,888.3 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,273.2 13,340.3 13,361.3 13,346.7 Transportation and warehousing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,780.6 5,913.8 5,929.3 5,955.4 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.8 470.5 471.0 472.4 Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,379 2,374 2,362 2,371 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,903 6,955 6,968 6,993 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,845 17,768 17,758 17,777 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,766 23,555 23,631 23,705 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 14,769 14,761 14,753 Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,820 4,871 4,877 4,884 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Industry 2024 2024 2025p 2025p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.6 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.4 Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 45.9 45.3 45.1 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 39.6 39.7 39.4 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.9 40.7 40.9 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 41.1 40.9 41.1 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 40.5 40.5 40.6 Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 32.6 32.4 32.5 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.2 34.0 34.1 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.0 38.9 39.0 Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 30.5 30.2 30.3 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 37.8 37.7 37.8 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 42.6 42.8 42.2 Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 35.8 35.7 35.8 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 37.2 37.2 37.1 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.2 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 32.0 31.9 31.9 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 24.0 23.9 24.0 Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 31.1 31.1 31.0 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2024 2024 2025p 2025p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.67 $30.67 $30.80 $30.89 $999.88 $1,033.58 $1,034.88 $1,037.90 Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.64 31.72 31.87 31.94 1,237.86 1,284.66 1,290.74 1,290.38 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.57 36.87 36.80 37.11 1,729.76 1,692.33 1,667.04 1,673.66 Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.16 36.43 36.49 36.55 1,385.30 1,442.63 1,448.65 1,440.07 Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.35 28.33 28.54 28.64 1,110.41 1,158.70 1,161.58 1,171.38 Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.76 29.83 30.10 30.20 1,176.28 1,226.01 1,231.09 1,241.22 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.11 26.03 26.16 26.22 1,006.91 1,054.22 1,059.48 1,064.53 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.48 30.46 30.59 30.68 964.00 993.00 991.12 997.10 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.85 26.29 26.43 26.47 876.32 899.12 898.62 902.63 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.01 31.54 31.69 31.76 1,215.59 1,230.06 1,232.74 1,238.64 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.78 21.15 21.21 21.28 627.56 645.08 640.54 644.78 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.00 29.42 29.59 29.55 1,084.60 1,112.08 1,115.54 1,116.99 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.71 45.97 46.10 46.28 1,886.76 1,958.32 1,973.08 1,953.02 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.50 41.64 41.98 42.23 1,449.90 1,490.71 1,498.69 1,511.83 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.24 36.38 36.53 36.76 1,300.36 1,353.34 1,358.92 1,363.80 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.90 36.48 36.52 36.64 1,266.87 1,324.22 1,322.02 1,326.37 Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 30.92 32.12 32.27 32.35 1,004.90 1,027.84 1,029.41 1,031.97 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.27 19.86 19.93 20.02 468.26 476.64 476.33 480.48 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.06 28.19 28.33 28.48 844.27 876.71 881.06 882.88 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Percent Percent change change Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. from: from: Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. a Jan. 2024 2024 2025p J 2025p n. 2024 2024 2025p 2025p 2025 - 2025 - Feb. Feb. 2025p 2025p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.5 123.8 123.6 123.8 0.2 243.0 253.9 254.4 255.5 0.4 Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.2 95.2 95.1 95.0 -0.1 178.6 184.9 185.7 185.8 0.1 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 114.2 113.1 112.4 -0.6 264.6 244.8 242.2 242.6 0.2 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 119.2 119.3 118.8 -0.4 222.5 234.5 235.1 234.5 -0.3 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.7 83.6 83.2 83.6 0.5 149.7 154.8 155.2 156.5 0.8 Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 82.9 82.5 83.0 0.6 151.0 154.4 154.9 156.4 1.0 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 84.2 84.3 84.3 0.0 147.1 154.9 155.9 156.3 0.3 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.5 131.8 131.1 131.8 0.5 264.0 275.4 275.2 277.3 0.8 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 115.6 117.8 117.3 117.7 0.3 213.6 221.4 221.6 222.7 0.5 Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 113.1 112.8 113.1 0.3 205.9 210.6 211.0 212.1 0.5 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.6 103.2 102.3 102.5 0.2 181.1 187.1 186.1 187.1 0.5 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 163.6 169.2 169.2 170.4 0.7 302.0 316.8 318.6 320.4 0.6 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.6 102.5 103.1 101.9 -1.2 189.6 196.6 198.3 196.9 -0.7 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.2 97.0 96.2 96.9 0.7 194.9 200.0 200.0 202.6 1.3 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.9 121.8 122.0 122.1 0.1 259.9 272.5 274.2 276.1 0.7 Professional and business services. . . . . 144.6 144.0 143.5 143.7 0.1 300.2 312.4 311.7 313.1 0.4 Private education and health services.. . 157.8 160.7 160.7 161.2 0.3 322.0 340.7 342.3 344.3 0.6 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.1 129.8 129.2 129.7 0.4 284.8 292.8 292.5 294.9 0.8 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.5 106.2 106.4 106.2 -0.2 207.9 218.2 219.6 220.3 0.3 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in February, following a downwardly revised increase of 125,000 jobs in January. Since January 2021, the U.S. job market has added jobs for 50 consecutive months, making it the third-longest period of employment expansion on record.

The estimates for the previous two months were revised. The monthly change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 16,000 from +307,000 to +323,000, while the change for January was revised down by 18,000 from +143,000 to +125,000. Combined, the revisions were 2,000 lower than previously reported.

The unemployment rate rose to 4.1% in February. While the number of employed persons decreased by 588,000, the number of unemployed persons increased by 203,000.

Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate—the proportion of the population either looking for a job or already holding a job—decreased two percentage points to 62.4%. For people aged between 25 and 54, the participation rate remained unchanged, at 83.5%. While the overall labor force participation rate remains below its pre-pandemic levels of 63.3% at the beginning of 2020, the rate for people aged between 25 and 54 exceeds the pre-pandemic level of 83.1%.

In February, employment rose in several sectors, including health care (+52,000), financial activities (+21,000), transportation and warehousing (+18,000), and social assistance (+11,000). However, within the government sector, federal government employment saw a decline of 10,000, marking the worst month of federal government net hiring since June 2022.

Construction Employment

Employment in the overall construction sector increased by 19,000 in February, after a 2,000 gain in January. While residential construction gained 12,700 jobs, non-residential construction employment added 6,200 jobs for the month.

Residential construction employment now stands at 3.4 million in February, broken down as 955,000 builders and 2.4 million residential specialty trade contractors. The 6-month moving average of job gains for residential construction was 2,600 a month. Over the last 12 months, home builders and remodelers added 50,500 jobs on a net basis. Since the low point following the Great Recession, residential construction has gained 1,387,000 positions.

In February, the unemployment rate for construction workers rose to 5.3% on a seasonally adjusted basis. The unemployment rate for construction workers has remained at a relatively lower level, after reaching 15.3% in April 2020 due to the housing demand impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.