June 20, 2025 (CE Noticias Financieras) –
Trees that reach 30 meters in height - like a ten-storey building - with fastening roots that exceed the size of a person. Amazonian mangroves are major carbon sinks, surpassing the metrics of even the Amazon rainforest. This ecosystem is responsible for removing three times more pollutant gas from the atmosphere than dry land .
It's between Maranhão, Pará and Amapá
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The Amazon Fund is home to the largest continuous area of mangroves under legal protection in the world. The superlative data also makes it more difficult to monitor and enforce these territories.
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Mangrove area in the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve monitored by the Amazon Mangroves project. Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
In the northeast of Pará, the Mangues da Amazônia project
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works with local communities to map vegetation and fauna as well as areas where logging takes place. The project also identifies the most sensitive areas and reforests them.
"We go to the community, show them a map of the region and ask them where logging is taking place. They indicate it on the map. We visit each place to do the georeferencing. Everything is checked and validated, and we produce maps based on participatory mapping. We give these maps to the town halls, associations and leaders," explains Marcus Fernandes, a professor at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) and general coordinator of the Mangues da Amazônia project. According to the professor, there are areas of cutting identified
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where people are already making wooden planks right there.
Professor Marcus Fernandes is the coordinator of the Mangrove Ecology Laboratory - Lama, at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
The project operates in four extractive reserves (resex): Tracuateua Marine Resex; Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Resex; Araí-Peroba Resex; and Gurupi-Piriá Resex. They are located, respectively, in four municipalities: Tracuateua, Bragança, Augusto Corrêa and Viseu. Their
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coverage reaches
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an area of 131,000 hectares - the equivalent of 120,000 soccer fields.
Logging and crabbing are not illegal in these territories. However, in the case of logging, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) must be informed.
"It's an area of use, but everything is controlled. But they play a trick. You have to say how much wood, which wood and where you're going to cut it. They declare it, but go somewhere else and take everything they want. There's no inspection," says Fernandes. "They manage to get around it. Many people also want to sell to make charcoal for bakeries, potteries, etc. So it is indeed a problem here. But it's not as serious as it is in the Northeast or the Southeast," he adds.
As well as mapping the logging areas, the project also maps the species that live in the mangroves."We take the crabbers through the same mapping process. We go to the places and do our census to find out how many males, how many females, the size
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and the
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weight, to find out how
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show a picture of what is happening to that place," he says. "Everything needs a diagnosis".
A crab pup in a mangrove area reforested by the Mangues da Amazônia project, in the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve.
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Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
The project also carries out genetic mapping of the vegetation, to help with the planting and recovery of the areas. "Today, we already have all the mapping of where these trees are. Now, I need to know the quality of the different types of mangrove, red, black and white," he explains.
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"The greater the genetic variability, the better and the greater the likelihood that the plant that is going to be born from that seed and that tree will
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to have a better quality of life in the future or to be more adaptable, more sensitive to the changes that are taking place. So, if I choose better seeds, I'll be able to promote a more resilient, more adaptable
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to the new changes that are coming. This is our proposal with genetics," says Fernandes.
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Mangroves in the Amazon
Mangroves are wetlands that lie between the sea and dry land. The plant and animal species that live there are resistant to tidal flows and salt. The ecosystem is home to crabs, molluscs such as oysters and sururus, fish, birds and even mammals and reptiles.
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Guarás, herons and biguás in the Ajuruteua mangrove swamp. Near the Fishermen's Village, birds have made nests out of fishing net waste in the area of the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve.
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Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
Brazil is the country with the second largest area of mangroves, with 14,000 square kilometers (km²) along the coast, second only to Indonesia, with around 30,000 km². 80%
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of mangroves in Brazil are distributed in three states of the Amazon biome: Maranhão (36%), Pará (28%) and Amapá (16%).
Of the entire Amazon extension, most are in 120 conservation units covering 12,000 km², 87% of the ecosystem in the whole of Brazil. This means that Brazil has the largest continuous area of mangroves under legal protection in the world, according to ICMBio data.
"One of the points of the project is to bring the focus to when you talk about the Amazon, you also talk about the Amazonian mangroves, because they are invisible," says the manager of the Mangues da Amazônia project, John Gomes.
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The manager of the Mangues da Amazônia project, John Gomes, with mangrove seedlings that will be taken for reforestation.
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Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
Carbon sinks
In the Amazon, due to greater access to water resources, mangroves in the region also end up growing more than in other regions of the country, with trees that reach 30 meters in height.
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The sheer size of the Amazon's mangroves also increases
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the positive impacts of the ecosystem.
One of them is the ability to remove from the atmosphere and store it in the soil, which, because it is very humid and dense, ends up retaining the polluting gas. According to Fernandes, the region's mangroves store 600 tons of carbon per hectare, according to measurements taken by the project. "That's a lot. So it's more than the world average," he says.
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View of a branch of the Caeté River in a mangrove area in the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve monitored by the Amazon Mangroves project.
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Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
One of the major risks to mangroves is climate change and the resulting reduction in rainfall,
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according to a professor at UFPA's Institute of Coastal Studies
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Hudson Silva
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which, in the Amazon Mangroves, is responsible for monitoring gas emissions.
"If you have a reduction in rainfall, the areas that benefit from this flooded condition to act as a sink
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begin to lose this function. The soil begins to aerate, oxygen begins to enter the soil more, and the decomposition process begins to release more ," he says.
The impacts are already being felt. According to Silva, the rainfall rate in the region, which used to reach 3,000 millimeters (mm) a year, now stands at 2,000 mm.
Fernandes adds that the extinction of mangroves in the region could have catastrophic consequences, not just locally, but impacting the entire coast, with the sea advancing and flooding coastal regions.
"The Amazon region has an enormous stock of carbon, so if we cut it down or lose this environment, we
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You're going to throw it out. It's as if you were releasing a carbon bomb into the environment," he says. "And it has an absurd national effect on our coast,
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an effect that will also
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for the entire . If the
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people take away the mangroves, they take away coastal protection".
Mangroves in the Amazon
Mangues da Amazônia was born out of the mangrove study and conservation work carried out at UFPA's Mangrove Ecology Laboratory (LAMA) in Bragança. The project, sponsored by Petrobras, is in its second execution cycle. The first was between 2021 and 2022, when 14 hectares of mangrove were recovered. The second cycle began in 2024 and will continue until 2026, with the goal of reforesting a further 17 hectares.
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A boa snake is seen in a mangrove area reforested by the Mangues da Amazônia project in the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve.
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Mangroves have the potential to generate R$49 billion in carbon credits.
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Conserved mangroves turn fishermen into tourist guides.
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Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil
The project is part of the Petrobras Socio-Environmental Program, which sponsors 160 projects across the country, with an expected investment of R$1.5 billion by 2029. According to Sue Wolter, Human Rights Manager at Petrobras' Social Responsibility Executive Management, Mangues is one of the projects with the greatest return, both environmentally and socially. For every R$1 invested by Petrobras, the estimated return to society is R$7.
"The objective of the Petrobras Socio-Environmental Program is to implement projects seeking social transformation. To bring value to society, to the territories where we are and, at the same time, this is a value for Petrobras.company. We understand that as a Brazilian state-owned company, we have a social function and that social function is to help this process of transforming development," he says.
*The Agência Brasil team traveled to Bragança between June 11 and 14 to visit the Mangues da Amazônia project, at the invitation of Petrobras, the project's sponsor.
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